Europe 1500-1750
By: Lauren Mlouhi
P - Political - Leaders, state structure, war, diplomacy, courts/laws
- The German Wars of Religion and the Peace of Augsburg were fought in 1555.
- Charles Habsburg had successfully united Christian Europe and the citizens of the Ottoman Empire.
- The countries of France, Spain, and England were beginning to develop a stronger sense of central authority.
- Parliament began to demand guarantees of their rights.
- The English Bill of rights was established in 1689.
- The English Civil War was fought in 1642.
- In England, Charles I had destroyed the Parliament.
- During the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Queen Mary and William of Orange were in reign.
- John Locke had challenged the divine rights of the monarchs of Europe. Locke believed that the authority should come from the approval of the governed.
- The Thirty Years War was fought from 1618-1648.
- English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch colonies were being discovered throughout the New World and Africa.
E - Economic - Type of system, technology/industry, trade, money, types of businesses
- The gold and silver collected from the Americas hit a climate point.
- The " Financial Revolution" of England had taxed the aristocracy, cause a direct collection of taxes, and caused an increase in the construction of central banks.
- England had defeated the Spanish Armada and gained control of the seas in 1588, which significantly increased trade.
- The English Industrial Revolution was froming in the mid 1700s.
- Europe had experience a decline of the Silk Road due to new technologies.
- More trade was conducted by water, while land based trade decreased.
R - Religious - Holy books, beliefs, conversion, sin/salvation, deities
- The Protestant Reformation began in 1517.
- Martin Luther created a sect of Christianity that challenged the church called Lutheranism.
- Lutheranism expressed the view that individuals were able to seek salvation through Christ and without the mediation of a priest.
- Rejection of the Papal authority
- The bible was translated into many different languages.
- The Spanish Inquisition was the defending of Catholicism by Spain and France.
- In England, Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon accommodated support for the Parliament to make the English monarch the head of the Church.
- The Eastern Orthodox religion was most significant in Russia.
- The countries of Portugal, Spain, France, Naples, and Ireland were dominantly Catholic.
S - Society - Family, gender relations, social classes, inequalities, lifestyles
- Drastic population growth in Paris, London.
- In the Netherlands, the textile industry sky rocketed and used foreign raw materials.
- The commercial fleets of Amsterdam dominated the trade overseas in the seventeenth century.
- Stock companies were commonly present.
- Western Europe experienced a decline in slavery.
- The Little Ice Age greatly challenged the lives of the many common peasants.
- Deforestation affected the peasants lives as well.
- Many citizens would migrate from city to city in search of poverty relief.
- Women were ranked lower than men; this ranking lessened as class or wealth increased.
- The sons often received a very solid education.
- A healthy marriage was very important within the society.
I - Intellectuals, Innovations, and Inventions - Writing, literature, philosophy, math, science, education
- Aristotle discovered four elements and contributed new ideas for physics.
- Nicholas Copernicus held the idea of a heliocentric universe.
- Tycho Branches and Johannes Kepler developed the idea of the earth revolving around the sun in elliptical orbits.
- Galileo Galilei invented the telescope.
- Isaac Newton developed common physics and the law of gravity.
- Galileo had challenged the geocentric view of the universe in the year 1600.
- Isaac Newton had founded Newtonian physics in 1687.
A - Art and Architecture - Arts, music, dances, buildings
- The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1503.
- In Italy, the famous style referred to as "Baroque"is present in climactic churches which contains irregular shapes.
- The famous Baroque styles had combined with Classical influence in France.
- In Russia, aristocrats became intrigued by the Versailles in France, and incorporated Russian aristocrats were impressed by Versailles in France and incorporated the "Baroque ideas" in the building of St. Petersburg.
- Andrea Palladio animated a comeback of classical shapes in Europe architecture.
- The return of classical ideas had erupted a sort of age of "awakening" throughout Europe (Italy, France, and England).
- The cathedral of St. Basil was constructed in 1554.
- The Famous "Piazza Navona' was constructed in the year 1600.
N - Near Geographic - Location, physical, movement, human/environment, region
- Throughout Europe, peasants began to immigrate from city to city in search of poverty relief.
- Europe is bordered on the north by the Barents Sea, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south by the Mediterranean Sea.
- The Alpine mountain system dominates the south central portion of the continent and is the origin of many major European rivers.
- The eastern land border is defined by a line following the Ural Mountains.
- The land of Europe contains adequate amounts of coal and iron.
- The Renaissance, which had greatly affected the world, had began in Europe. This period in time had made Europe the leaders in both science and technology.
- Europe established the very first universities in the world.
- People whom contained considerable amounts of money for education had migrated to Europe.
http://www2.fultonschools.org/teacher/Agans/ch%2016%20outline.htm
http://www.stanford.edu/~cy10/public/Religion_and_Economic%20Growth_Western_Europe.pdf
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352073/Lutheranism
http://www.course-notes.org/world_history/premium/transformations_in_europe_1500_1750
http://www.northernhighlands.org/cms/lib5/NJ01000179/Centricity/Domain/98/Lesson%2041%20How%20was%20Europe%20entering%20the%20golden%20age.pdf
http://architecture.about.com/cs/historicperiods/a/timeline.htm
http://www.stanford.edu/~cy10/public/Religion_and_Economic%20Growth_Western_Europe.pdf
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352073/Lutheranism
http://www.course-notes.org/world_history/premium/transformations_in_europe_1500_1750
http://www.northernhighlands.org/cms/lib5/NJ01000179/Centricity/Domain/98/Lesson%2041%20How%20was%20Europe%20entering%20the%20golden%20age.pdf
http://architecture.about.com/cs/historicperiods/a/timeline.htm