Middle East
By: Lauren Mlouhi
Political- Leaders, elites, state structure, war, diplomacy, laws/courts
- 1901: The Jewish National Fund is founded and purchases land in Palestine.
- Starting in 1902, Wahhabi leader And al-Aziz ibn Saud recaptures the major city of Saudi Arabia.
- In 1905, Ottoman-controlled Northern Yemen and British-controlled Southern Yemen are officially divided.
- In 1906, Persia's (Iran's) Constitutional Revolution forces the ruler of Persia to accept a constitution.
- In 1907, The Shah of Persia (present day Iran) dies and is succeeded by his son.
- In 1907, Persia (present day Iran) is divided into three zones, each zone was separately controlled by a different country.
- In July 6-21 of 1908, The Young Turk Party leads the Turkish Revolution, demanding the restoration of the Ottoman constitution.
- In 1911, The Ottoman Turks grant Imam Yahya bin Muhammad autonomy in the highlands of Northern Yemen.
- The Ottomans side with against the lied forces in 1914 when the first World War starts.
- In Arabia the Saud families had taken control of the sacred cities: Mecca and Medina.
- Napoleon Bonaparte leads a campaign in Egypt and Syria.
- Egypt becomes controlled by the British in 1882.
- Decline of the Ottoman Empire in 1914.
Economics- Typeof system, technology/industry, trade, money, types of businesses
- In 1906, excavations in Turkey uncover the ruins of an ancient city.
- The creations of new technologies positively influence the economy in the Middle east.
- The Ottoman Empire was steep into centuries of tradition, which prevented it from modernizing as quickly as the more Western powers had.
- Ottomans struggles to adapt to the modern countries surrounding them.
- The Ottomans contained large debts to foreign nations.
- Agricultural revenues declined
- The gold coin currency in he Ottoman Empire was in relation to the British pound.
- The city of Damascus and Cairo expanded as an urban professional class and industrial wage laborers had found occupations.
- Trade in the Ottoman Empire decreased due to a lack of interest in industrialization and the inability of artisans to compete with European imports.
Religion- Holy books, beliefs, conversion, sin/salvation, deities
- In 1905, Attendees at the Seventh Zionist Congress decide that Palestine is the only suitable place for a Jewish state.
- In 1906, The all-India Muslim League was founded by Aga Khan III.
- 1909: Tel Aviv is built by the Jews and becomes the first modern Jewish city.
- Sultan Selim III failed in leading the Muslims to the traditional pilgrimage to Mecca.
- At the start of the 19th century, political divisions led to a group known as the janissaries. The janissaries were a group of young Christian boys taken primarily from the Balkans, who converted to Islam, and trained to be elite military guards.
- Muslim religious scholars, known as the ulama, had controlled the Islamic courts within the empire and had great influence over cultural and political policy.
- The tax on non-muslims was abolished
- A code specifying equal legal security amongst the Muslim, Christians, and Jewish subjects were enforced.
Society- Family, gender relations, social class, inequalities, lifestyles
- The men in the society continued to be superior tot he women politically and socially.
- Men made decisions in society and at home.
- Women were expected to stay home and raise the children.
- Reform was exclusively restricted to men.
- The westernization of the court system resulted in a loss of power for women.
- Women were not allowed to partake in industrial labor and professional occupation.
Intelectual, Innovation, and Invention- Writing, literature, philosophy, math, science, education
- In 1907, the first major underwater archaeological exploration is established off the coast of Tunisia.
- In May 1908, Oil is found in Persia.
- Main source of power changed from man and animal power to the power of fossil fuels
- Advances in medicine and sanitation led to a longer lifespan amongst people, and healthier lifestyles.
- The Sciences of the Middle East were generally influenced by the sciences in the west.
Arts and Architecture- Arts, music, dances, buildings
- The construction of the Suez Canal was completed in 1869.
- The construction of Mosques and Minarets were commonly built throughout the Middle East.
- Mosaics were commonly found in Mosques and other traditional buildings.
- The Ottoman Empire was referred to as the "Gunpowder Empire".
- Creation of art had decreased due to the decline of the empire.
- The architecture styles of the Middle East had influence on the west.
Near Geographic- Location, physical movement, human/environment, region
- The countries that make up the Middle East include: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
- Movement of the middle class would migrate from city to the suburbs .
- Vast deserts are common in the region.
- The Middle East region represents an area of over 5.0 million square miles.
- The desert of the Arabian Peninsula is so inhospitable that it has been given the name "The Empty Quarter."
- In areas better served by rainfall and rivers (for example the Tigris-Euphrates river) rich agriculture was abundant.
- Other critical water routes would include: the Suez Canal, which links the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea; Bab el Mandeb, a strait that separates the Red Sea from the Indian Ocean; and the Strait of Hormuz, which links the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/timeline/text/time2.html
http://www.hinzmansapworldhistory.com/middle-east-1750-1914.html
http://worldhistory-ap.wikispaces.com/Change+Analysis+Chart+-+1750+to+1914
http://www.hinzmansapworldhistory.com/middle-east-1750-1914.html
http://quizlet.com/5199442/ap-world-middle-east-flash-cards/
http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/meast/MEgeo.html
http://www.hinzmansapworldhistory.com/middle-east-1750-1914.html
http://worldhistory-ap.wikispaces.com/Change+Analysis+Chart+-+1750+to+1914
http://www.hinzmansapworldhistory.com/middle-east-1750-1914.html
http://quizlet.com/5199442/ap-world-middle-east-flash-cards/
http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/meast/MEgeo.html